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The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia or KSA is the biggest country of the Arabian Peninsula. It is surrounded by Jordan on the northwest, Iraq on the north and northeast, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, and the United Arab Emirates on the east, Oman on the southeast, and Yemen on the south. The Persian Gulf deception to the northeast and the Red Sea to its west. It has predictable inhabitants of 27.6 million, and its size is approximately 2,150,000 square km (830,000 square miles). Saudi Arabia is the world's most important petroleum exporter and petroleum exports fuel the Saudi economy. The Kingdom is sometimes called "The Land of The Two Holy Mosques" in reference to Mecca and Medina, the two holiest places in Islam.  The empire occupies about 80 percent of the Arabian Peninsula. Tremendous heat and drought are characteristic of most of Saudi Arabia.

The capital and largest city is Riyadh, the position on the map is 24°39′N, 46°46′E, the Official language is Arabic, declared as a Kingdom on January 8, 1926, officially documented on May 20, 1927, whole area is 2,149,690 km²; a little more than one-fifth the size of the continental United States, total estimate population as on 2007 is 27,601,038, the official currency is Riyal (SAR), Per capita GDP (PPP) as per 2007 approximation is $21,200.The main cities being Riyadh with a population of 4.3 million, Jeddah with a population of 3.4 million, Makkah with a population of 1.6 million and Dammam/Khobar/Dhahran, with a population of 1.6 million.

The weather is arid, with enormous boundaries of temperature in the interior; moisture and temperature are both high along the coastline. The southwestern 'Astir region has mountains as high as 3,000 m (9,840 ft) and is documented for having the greenest and freshest climate in all of the country. The terrain primarily includes desert with rugged mountains in the southwest. The fauna comprises of native animals comprise the ibex, wildcats, baboons, wolves, and hyenas in the mountainous highlands. The coastal area on the Red Sea with its coral reefs has a rich marine life. Small birds are found in the oases.

The harsh climate historically prevented much settlement of the Arabian Peninsula. People of different cultures have existed in the peninsula over a span of more than 5,000 years. The Saudi state reputable in central Arabia in about 1750. The country has boundaries with Iraq, Jordan and Kuwait were founded by a series of treaties discussed in the 1920s, with two "neutral zones"--one with Iraq and the other with Kuwait--created. The border between Saudi Arabia and Qatar was determined in March 2001.